Japan has 47 prefectures, and each region has its own way of speaking. These unique local languages are called “dialects” (hōgen).
In Tokyo, people speak Standard Japanese, which is used in schools, TV, and business. However, in places like Osaka, Fukuoka, and Tohoku, people use different words, accents, and grammar. Dialects are an important part of Japanese culture and history.
Comparison of Major Japanese Dialects
Japan has different dialects depending on the region. A person’s accent can often reveal where they are from.
Many areas have their own dialects, but the most distinct and easy-to-recognize ones are Tohoku-ben, Kansai-ben, and Kyushu-ben.
| Dialect | Region | Example Phrases | Impression |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard Japanese (Hyōjungo) | Tokyo, nationwide | “Arigatou” = Thank you “Hontou?” = Really? “Totemo oishii” = Very delicious | Clear and formal, used in schools, TV, and business |
| Kansai Dialect (Kansai-ben) | Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe | “Ōkini” = Thank you “Honma?” = Really? “Meccha umai” = Very delicious | Fast and energetic, often used in comedy |
| Tohoku Dialect (Tohoku-ben) | Aomori, Akita, Iwate | “Nda” = Yes “Kowai” = Tired (not “scary”!) “Daiji?” = Are you okay? | Slow and soft, sometimes hard to understand |
| Kyushu Dialect (Kyushu-ben) | Fukuoka, Kumamoto, Kagoshima | “Suito!” = I love you! “Bari tsukareta” = Very tired “Nani shiyō to?” = What are you doing? | Cute and friendly, often used in anime and movies |
The Most Difficult Japanese Dialects
Japan has many dialects, such as Kansai-ben, Tohoku-ben, and Kyushu-ben, which are grouped by region. However, dialects also vary by prefecture, making them even more diverse.
For example, Osaka, Kyoto, and Kobe are neighboring areas, and their dialects are all part of Kansai-ben. However, each city has its own unique differences, showing how dialects can change even within the same region.
And these three are the top three most difficult dialects in Japan.
| Rank | Dialect | Region | Why is it difficult? |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | Tsugaru Dialect (Tsugaru-ben) | Aomori Prefecture | Very different words and pronunciation. Even Japanese people can’t understand it! |
| 2nd | Okinawan Language (Uchināguchi) | Okinawa Prefecture | More like a separate language than a dialect. Very different from Standard Japanese. |
| 3rd | Akita Dialect (Akita-ben) | Akita Prefecture | Has a unique rhythm and many local words. Sounds very different from Tokyo Japanese. |
The Tsugaru dialect from Aomori Prefecture is often called the hardest dialect in Japan. Many Japanese people from Tokyo say that Tsugaru-ben is harder to understand than English!
Listening to Tsugaru-ben feels like hearing French or Russian. —it sounds completely unfamiliar!
By the way, I watched a conversation video of these ladies chatting, and I couldn’t understand a single word. ↓
Ladies Speaking Tsugaru Ben (Aomori)
Where to Hear Japanese Dialects
If you want to hear real dialects, visit local markets, izakayas (Japanese pubs), or small towns. Talking to locals is the best way to experience different accents and words.
Many Japanese movies, dramas, and anime also use dialects. Here are some examples:
- Standard Japanese → Your Name (Kimi no Na wa)
- Kansai-ben → Detective Conan, Jarin Ko Chie
- Tohoku-ben → Amachan
- Kyushu-ben → Wolf Children (Ookami Kodomo no Ame to Yuki)
Listening to these can help you learn and enjoy Japanese dialects.
Why Are Dialects Interesting?
Dialects show the history and culture of each region. Even simple words can be completely different depending on the area.
Speaking a little dialect can also help you make friends with locals. If you use a local phrase while traveling, people might smile and talk more with you!
FAQ
Standard Japanese is used everywhere, but dialects have different words, grammar, and accents.
Kansai-ben and Hakata-ben are especially popular because they sound fun and cute.
Tsugaru-ben (Aomori Prefecture) is considered the hardest dialect in Japan. It has unique pronunciation, intonation, and grammar, making it very difficult to understand—even for native speakers.